IN THIS ISSUE
CELL SCIENTISTS TO WATCH
CELL SCIENCE AT A GLANCE
- The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance
Summary: This brief review and the poster illustrate the different steps and specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse that allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
COMMENTARY
- Regulation of myogenesis by environmental hypoxia
Summary: This Commentary presents the effects of hypoxia during embryonic development of somites, and myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates.
SHORT REPORTS
- Molecular organization of the desmosome as revealed by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
Highlighted Article: The nanoscale organization of proteins in the desmosome, a structure mediating strong cell–cell adhesion, is elucidated by dSTORM super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
- A new mechanism for nuclear import by actin-based propulsion used by a baculovirus nucleocapsid
Summary: The baculovirus AcMNPV nucleocapsid contains a WASP-like protein that induces actin polymerization. This baculovirus-induced actin polymerization is involved in the nuclear import of the nucleocapsid.
RESEARCH ARTICLES
- In vivo regulation of integrin turnover by outside-in activation
Highlighted Article: Outside-in integrin activation regulates integrin turnover. Furthermore, integrin activation drives the developmental stabilization of cell–ECM adhesion by decreasing integrin turnover during embryogenesis.
- Arg tyrosine kinase modulates TGF-β1 production in human renal tubular cells under high-glucose conditions
Summary: The downregulation of Arg kinase, induced in human primary tubular cell cultures by incubation in a high glucose concentration, is specifically involved in TGF-β1 overproduction that activates fibroblasts.
- Staphylococcus aureus recruits Cdc42GAP through recycling endosomes and the exocyst to invade human endothelial cells
Highlighted Article: S. aureus invasion of endothelial cells, which underlies S. aureus sepsis and endocarditis, depends on recycling-endosome-mediated recruitment of Cdc42GAP, a negative regulator of the Rho GTP-binding protein Cdc42.
- Cadherin-11 is a novel regulator of extracellular matrix synthesis and tissue mechanics
Summary: CDH11 regulates collagen and elastin synthesis by both affecting the mechanical properties and contractile function of animal tissues through TGF-β and ROCK pathways.
- LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase regulates focal adhesions through CDK1
Highlighted Article: We demonstrate that LAR, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase, signals through CDK1 to promote adhesion complex formation and adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
- SIRT2 inactivation reveals a subset of hyperacetylated perinuclear microtubules inaccessible to HDAC6
Summary: Analysis of hyperacetylated microtubule structures revealed overlapping and distinct functions of HDAC6 and SIRT2. Specifically, only SIRT2 acts to deacetylate hyperacetylated perinuclear microtubules.
- Dephosphorylation of MAP2D enhances its binding to vimentin in preovulatory ovarian granulosa cells
Summary: The progesterone synthetic response of preovulatory granulosa cells might be facilitated by dephosphorylation of MAP2D and phosphorylation of vimentin, resulting in reorganization of vimentin filaments.
- Retinoic-acid-mediated HRas stabilization induces neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells during brain development
Summary: Retinoic acid stabilizes HRas protein during neurogenesis, and this is required for the neural stem cell differentiation into neurons and murine brain development.
- An organelle K+ channel is required for osmoregulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Summary: We identify a new K+ channel, denoted KCN11, that is localized to the contractile vacuole, and functions in contractile vacuole contraction and osmoregulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
- Aurora A kinase regulates proper spindle positioning in C. elegans and in human cells
Summary: Aurora A kinase and PP6 phosphatase are required for spindle positioning in C. elegans embryos and human cells by modulating the localization of cortical force generators.
- Intraflagellar transport is required for the maintenance of the trypanosome flagellum composition but not its length
Summary: Intraflagellar transport machinery is responsible for the construction of cilia and flagella. We show that in trypanosomes it is required for the maintenance of flagellum integrity but not of organelle length.
- ‘Rod and ring’ formation from IMP dehydrogenase is regulated through the one-carbon metabolic pathway
Summary: Two enzymes in one-carbon metabolism play a pivotal role in controlling assembly and disassembly of a filamentous structure of IMPDH that might act as an adaptive mechanism in nucleotide homeostasis.
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JCS and COVID-19
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First person interviews
Hear from the people behind the papers in our interviews with JCS first authors. We talk about their research, the highs and lows, role models in science and what’s coming up next.