PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Salaun, Christine
AU  - Locatelli, Carolina
AU  - Zmuda, Filip
AU  - Cabrera González, Juan
AU  - Chamberlain, Luke H.
TI  - Accessory proteins of the zDHHC family of S-acylation enzymes
AID  - 10.1242/jcs.251819
DP  - 2020 Nov 15
TA  - Journal of Cell Science
PG  - jcs251819
VI  - 133
IP  - 22
4099  - http://jcs.biologists.org/content/133/22/jcs251819.short
4100  - http://jcs.biologists.org/content/133/22/jcs251819.full
SO  - J. Cell Sci.2020 Nov 15; 133
AB  - Almost two decades have passed since seminal work in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified zinc finger DHHC domain-containing (zDHHC) enzymes as S-acyltransferases. These enzymes are ubiquitous in the eukarya domain, with 23 distinct zDHHC-encoding genes in the human genome. zDHHC enzymes mediate the bulk of S-acylation (also known as palmitoylation) reactions in cells, transferring acyl chains to cysteine thiolates, and in so-doing affecting the stability, localisation and function of several thousand proteins. Studies using purified components have shown that the minimal requirements for S-acylation are an appropriate zDHHC enzyme–substrate pair and fatty acyl-CoA. However, additional proteins including GCP16 (also known as Golga7), Golga7b, huntingtin and selenoprotein K, have been suggested to regulate the activity, stability and trafficking of certain zDHHC enzymes. In this Review, we discuss the role of these accessory proteins as essential components of the cellular S-acylation system.